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  • 2023-11-27 08:30:07 发布

Unit 5 单元语法知识梳理-辅教资料-人教版八年级英语下册2

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一、过去进行时态 1.概念:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间,除了有上下文暗示以外,一般带有具体的过去时间,如:this time yesterday,at 9:00 yesterday morning等;或以when,while 引导的时间状语来表示。 2.构成:过去进行时的基本结构为:主语 + was/were + v.ing + 其它成分。否定形式是在be后加not;一般疑问句是将be提前。 下面以work为例,将其肯定式,否定式和疑问式及简略答语表述如下 肯定式与否定式:I/He/She/It was working. I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were working. We/You/They were not working. 疑问式与简略答语: —Was I working? —Yes,you were./No,you were not. —Were you working? —Yes,I was./No,I was not. —Was he/she/it working? —Yes,he/she/it was./No,he/she/it was not. —Were you/we/they working? —Yes,we/you/they were./No,we/you/they were not. was not 常缩写为wasnt; were not常缩写为werent。 过去进行时与一般过去时的用法区别:过去进行时表示过去正在进行或发生的动作,强调动作的持续性,动作可能尚未完成;而一般过去时则多强调动作的发生或已完成。 例句:Mary was writing a letter to her father last night.玛丽昨晚一直在给她爸爸写信。(强调写信过程的延续性,但信不一定写完了。) Mary wrote a letter to her father last night.玛丽昨晚给她父亲写了封信。(强调“写信”这个动作,信已经写完了。) 二、when 和 while 用法小结 when 和while 都可以作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,都有“当……的时候”的意思。但用法有别: 1.when 引导的时间状语从句既可以指时间段,也可以指时间点,从句中谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是终止性动词;但while引导的时间状语从句则一般指一段时间,含义是during the time,偏重于动作的过程,从句谓语动词为表状态的延续性动词。 例句:It was raining when they arrived. 当他们到达时,正在下雨。(某一时间点) My wallet dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park.我在公园散步时,钱包掉在地上了。(一段时间) Tom fell asleep while his math teacher was giving a lesson.汤姆在数学老师上课的时候睡着了。(接时间段) 2.由when引导的时间状语从句中,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以一前一后先后发生;但while则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。所以,有时when可以代替while,而while则不能代替when。 例句:When they heard the good news,they jumped with joy.当他们听到这个消息时,高兴得跳了起来。(while不能代替when) 3.when后面通常接一般过去时的从句,而while后接进行时态的句子。 例句:While the girl was shopping,the alien got out.= When the alien got out,the girl was shopping.正当那个女孩买东西时,外星人出来了。