Unit 2 Cloning 教案1（人教版高中英语选修八)12页

Unit2CloningＩ．单元教学目标技能目标GoalsTalkaboutcloningPracticeexpressingandsupportinganopinionUsetheappositiveclauseWriteacompositionaboutcloningⅡ.目标语言功能句式ExpressingandsupportinganopinionI’mhappytoaccept….But….Iwouldneveraccept….I’mnotbotheredabout…..Idon’tmindbut….Ihopeyou’llcarryon….Areyousureyouwantto….Iagreewithyouthat….Isitfairto….?Doyouthinkitiswiseto….?Ithinkyoushould….Welldonetoyoufor….Idon’tunderstandwhyyoudon’t….Ican’thelpthinking….Icouldneveragreeto….词汇1.四会词汇Strawberry，differ，exact，straightforward，breakthrough，disturbing，cast，altogether，objection，media，moral，ceiling，shortly，retire，assumption，merely，decoration，zebra，aloud2.认读词汇identical，nucleus，gene， somatic，embryo，fate，impact，extinct，popularity，Jurassic，bison，calf，DNA，habitat，restore，Auroch，GreatAuk，Quagga3.词组castdown，objectto，themedia，infavourof，（be）boundto（do）…,fromtimetotime,bringbacktolife,payoff4．重点词汇clone，commercial，producer，undertake，arbitrary，object，forbid，accumulatebother，regulation，resist，unable，argument，reasonable，obtain结构Appositiveclause—that可引导同位语从句重点句子Itisawayof….P11Thefactisthat….P11Thequestionthatoccurredis….P12Howdifferentlydopeoplethinkof….P14The….is…but…P14Theadvantageisthat….P15Howwouldyoutreat….P54Idon’tmindbut….P55Iagreewithyouthat….P55III.教材分析与教材重组1.教材分析本单元以Cloning为话题，旨在通过单元教学，使学生了解克隆技术的优缺点，学会表达和支持个人观点，能用所学的有关Cloning的词汇去表述自己对这一新技术的观点和看法。1.1WarmingUp提供了四幅有关Dollythesheep(多莉羊)Astrawberryplant(草莓植物)Twins（双胞胎婴儿）Identicaldogs(克隆狗)的图片，让学生用已有的知识和经验讨论对克隆技术的看法与观点。1.2Listening是关于人类克隆的听力材料，难度中等。1.3Speaking 根据材料，四人小组合作，要求把自己对克隆婴儿的态度和感觉用相关的语言表达出来。语言要得体，锻炼语段表达能力。1.4Pre-reading是Reading的热身活动。它要求采用与同学讨论交流的方式谈论有关克隆的相关知识。1.5Reading是一篇介绍克隆技术的说明文。1.6Comprehending第一题所给出的表格让学生根据课文内容列举克隆技术的优缺点。第二题让学生根据所拥有的知识来评价作者的观点。第三题要求学生用自己的语言阐述对克隆技术的观点并给出理由。1.7LearningaboutLanguage分词汇和语法两部分，其中Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions是根据语境在运用中掌握词汇。Discoveringusefulstructures是通过阅读和补全句子来练习。1.8UsingLanguage中的Reading，Discussingandwriting要求学生先读,然后完成四个任务型的作业。即1.讨论并回答三个问题。回答这些问题，2.讨论几种已经灭绝的动物，并且讨论哪种动物应该被恢复到这个世界上，并且给出理由。3.listeningandspeaking让学生根据所听到的内容选择并列出文中人物观点。2.教材重组2.1从话题内容上分析，WarmingUp与Reading相一致；而从训练目的上分析与TALKING比较一致。从教材份量来说，可将WarmingUp和Reading整合在一起，设计成一节任务型“阅读课（一）（精读课）”。2.2将Listening和Workbook中的LISTENING整合在一起，设计成一节"听力课"。2.3将UsingLanguage与Workbook中的TALKING和SPEAKINGTASK结合在一起，设计成一节“口语课”2.4将LearningaboutLanguage与Workbook中的USINGWORDSANDEXPRESSION整合在一起上一节“语法课”。2.5将Workbook中的READINGTASK和PROJECT以及WRITINGTASK整合成一节“泛读与写作课”。3.课型设计与课时分配1stperiodReading2ndperiodListening3rdperiodSpeaking4thperiodGrammar 5thperiodExtensivereadingandwritingⅣ.分课时教案TheFirstPeriodReadingTeachinggoals教学目标1.Targetlanguage目标语言a.重点词汇和短语clone，commercial，producer，undertake，arbitrary，object，forbid，accumulate，castdown，objectto，themedia，infavourofb.重点句子Itisawayof….Thefactisthat….Thequestionthatoccurredis….2.Abilitygoals能力目标Enablethestudentstodescribecloning:Whatistheadvantagesofcloning？Whatistheproblemsordangersofcloning？Whatisyouropinionofcloning？3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Helpthestudentslearnhowtodescribecloning.Teachingimportantpoints教学重点Howtodescribecloning.Teachingdifficultpoint教学难点Helpthestudentsanalyzethewritingtechniquesofthearticle.Teachingmethods教学方法Skimming,task-basedmethodanddebatemethod.Teachingaids教具准备Arecorder,aprojectorandsomeslides.Teachingprocedures&ways教学过程与方式StepILead-in Thistopicisdifficultforstudents.Soteachershouldhelpthestudentslearnmoreaboutit.Dothisinthewayofaskingandansweringquestions.T:Youcanimaginehowrapidlythemodernscienceandtechnologydevelop.Ithinkmostofyoumustknowsomethingaboutspacetraveling,submarineexploration,robot,maglevtrain,geneengineeringetc.Butinrecentyears,ahottopic,cloningisoftenmentioned,especiallywhenthecloningDollythesheepappeared.YoumayhavefirstheardofcloningwhenDollytheSheepshoweduponthescenein1997.CloningtechnologieshavebeenaroundformuchlongerthanDolly,though.Firstthingsfirst,whatiscloningandaclone?Thedictionarysayscloningisthetechniqueofproducingageneticallyidenticalduplicateofanorganism.Acloneissaidtobealldescendantsderivedasexuallyfromasingleindividual,asbycuttings,bulbs,byfission,bymitosis,orbyparthenogenesisreproduction.Itsoundsverydifferentandcomplicatedtous.Infact,Imean,inourdailylife,thishappensoften.Forexample,gardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.Youoftenseethatyourmotherpicksasmallbranchfromagrowingplanttomakeanewone.Ifshelikesthiskindofflowers,shecandocloning.Cloningalsohappensinanimalsorhumanbeingswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg.Thefactisthatcloningplantsisstraightforwardbutthecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.Thepossibilityofhumancloning,raisedwhenScottishscientistsatRoslinInstitutecreatedthemuch-celebratedsheep"Dolly",arousedworldwideinterestandconcernbecauseofitsscientificandethicalimplications.Youcangiveyourquestionsifyouareinterestedinthistopic.Iamheretodayoneofthescientistswhoworkinthisfield.Iamreadytoansweranyofyourquestions.S:Nowweknowwhatiscloning.Aretheredifferenttypesofcloning?T:Whenthemediareportoncloninginthenews,theyareusuallytalkingaboutonlyonetypecalledreproductivecloning.Therearedifferenttypesofcloninghowever,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetic twinofanotherorganism.Abasicunderstandingofthedifferenttypesofcloningiskeytotakinganinformedstanceoncurrentpublicpolicyissuesandmakingthebestpossiblepersonaldecisions.Thefollowingthreetypesofcloningtechnologieswillbediscussed:(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning,(2)reproductivecloning,and(3)therapeuticcloning.S:WasDollycreatedbywhatcloning?AndwhywasDollysoimportant?T:ReproductivecloningisatechnologyusedtogenerateananimalthathasthesamenuclearDNAasanothercurrentlyorpreviouslyexistinganimal.Dollywascreatedbyreproductivecloningtechnology.ShewasthefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNAtakenfromanadultcell.Previously,animalshadonlybeenclonedusingembryocellswhichalreadyhavethepotentialtobecomeacompleteembryoinitsownright.ThebigbreakthroughwithDollywastomakeaclonefromanordinary,adultcell−inthiscasefromafemalegoat’sudder.S:HaveyouseenJurassicPark?Inthisfeaturefilm,scientistsuseDNApreservedfortensofmillionsofyearstoclonedinosaurs.Theyfindtrouble,however,whentheyrealizethattheclonedcreaturesaresmarterandfiercerthanexpected.Couldwereallyclonedinosaurs.T:Intheory?Yes.Whatwouldyouneedtodothis?Awell-preservedsourceofDNAfromtheextinctdinosaur,andacouldserveasasurrogatemother.Inreality?Probablynot.It’snotlikelythatdinosaurDNAcouldsurviveundamagedforsuchalongtime.However,scientistshavetriedtoclonespeciesthatbecameextinctmorerecently,usingDNAfromwell-preservedtissuesamples.Morequestionsaboutcloningaregivenintheappendix.Theinformationaboveisforreferenceonly.Oryoucanchooseseveralstudentsandaskthemtoactoutashortplaywhosemaintopicisasfollows:Anoldmanwhowasdyingleftallhisfortunetohisownson.Butthedidnotknowthathissonwascloned.Sotwosameyoungmenbothclaimedthattheyweretheoldman’sson.Theyquarreledandfoughtwitheachother;atlasttheywenttothejudge.ThejudgeletthemcheckDNA.TheresultwasthattheirDNAwasthesame.Noweventhejudgedidnotknowwhattodo. Inthisparttheteachercangivethestudentssomeadvicetoactout.Accordingtothisplayteacheraskthestudentsseveralquestions:1.Doyouwanttobeclonedornot?Why?2.Ifyouarethejudgewhatwillyoudo?3.Canyoutellmetheadvantagesofcloning?4.Andwhatisthedisadvantage?DiscussionInthispartthestudentswilldiscusstherelationshipbetweenthedevelopmentoftechnologyandsocialcustoms.T:Asthetechnologydevelopsdaybyday,ithasamoreandmoreimportantinfluenceonthewholesociety.Technologyaffectssocialcustomsandethics,sometimestechnologymaygoagainsttheconventionalthinking,thencomestheproblemthatwhetherweshouldstopthedevelopmentofresearchorchangetheethics.S1:Astechnologydevelopsinalmosteveryfield,alotofouroriginalcustomsandethicschanged,eitherbecausetheyareoutoftimeornotsoscientific.Forexamplemillionsofyearsagohumanatemeatofanimalswithoutheatingthem.Laterpeopleusedfireandnolongeraterawmeatandtheyalsousedfiretoscaredangerousanimals.S2:Ithinkwecouldnotstopthedevelopmentoftechnology,foritmaydevelopinthewaywhichisacceptablebysocialcustoms.…LookatpicturesT:Lookatthepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman–made.Thenexplainhowtheydiffer.S:IthinkthetwinsarenaturalclonesandtheDollysheepisman-made.T:Youareright!Canyouexplainhowtheydiffer?S:Thetwinswerebornatthesametime,buttheDollysheepisman-made.T:Anythingelse?Whowanthavea try?S:Ithinktheidenticaldogisman-made.T:GoodJobStepIIPre-readingBeforeclass,askthestudentstosearchforsomeinformationaboutthistopic.Nowshowyourquestionsonthescreen,andthenletthemdiscusswitheachother.T:Nowpleaseworkinpairsanddiscussaboutcloning.Thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout.Shareyourlistwithyourpartner.Ss:Yes,sir/madam.Questionsaboutcloning:1.Whatisaclone?2.Howisacloneproduced?3.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning?4.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?5.Shouldweclonehuman?6.Couldcloningreplacesexasthemeansofcreatingnewhumanlife?7.Couldaparentcloneachildwhoisdyingofaterminalillness?Afterafewminutes.T:Doyouhaveotherquestions?Volunteer!S:Ihave!Whatisthewriter’sopinion?T:Goodjob!Ithinkmanyofyouhavequestions,nowletusreadthearticlewiththequestions.Suggestanswers:1.Itisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalandplant.2.Thishappensinplantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones,andwhensmallpartsofaplantaretakenandgowninalaboratory.Italsohappensinanimalswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg. 3.Itcanhelpcurediseaseandcanhelpcoupleswhohavenobabytobearanewbaby.4.TheremaybemorebadpeoplelikeHitler.5.Inmyopinion,Idonotagree,foritmaycausemanymoralproblems.6.No.Becauseclonedhumanhasthesamequalityastherealhuman,naturalbornbaby’squalityishigherthanhisparents.7.No.Theclonedbabyalsohasthedisease.StepIIIWhile-readingGetthestudentstocomprehendthepassagequicklyandaccuratelyandmeanwhilehelpthestudentsformagoodhabitofreading.T:Haveyounottheanswersofyourquestions?Nowpleaseskimthepassagefasttoobtainageneralunderstandingofthewholepassageintoseveralpartsandfindoutthemainideaofeachpart.Showthefollowing.Para.1Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalandplant.Para.2Cloninghastwomajoruses.Para.3TheproblemsofDolly.Para.4TheeffectofDolly.Para.5Itisforbiddentoclonehumanbeing.StepIVPost-readingAskthestudentstoreadthepassageagaintofinishthreetasks.T:Nowlet’slistentothe.Whilelistening,paymoreattentiontothecorrectpronunciationandtone.Thenreadthetextbyyourselvestogettheanswerstothethreetasks.Youcanworkingroups.T:First,Whataretheproblemsordangersofcloning?S:Letmehaveatry!First,theclonedanimalshavethesameillnessofoldanimalsandthesamegoeswiththeotherspecies.Second,theclonedanimalshaveshortlifeandcancausemoralquestions.T:Youareright!Andwhataretheadvantagesof cloning?S:Iknow!Firstly,gardenersuseitallthetimetoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.Secondly,itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.Thirdly,itsuddenlyopenseveryone’seyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillnesses,andevenproducinghumanbeings.T:Whatisthewriter’sopinion?Whatdoyouthinkisthewriter’spointofviewinthisreadingpassage?Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstis?S1:Ithinkthewriterisinfavourofit,becausetherearemanyadvantagesofcloning.Itcanhelppeoplesolvemanyproblemsinourdailylife.S2:Ithinkthewriterdoesn’tagreewithit,becauseifthecloningtechnologycanbeusedinanevilway,itcancausemuchtroubletooursociety.T:Thenextquestion:Whatisyouropinionofcloning?Givethereasons.S1:Asacoinhastwosides,everythinghastwoaspects.First,ifthecloningisusedinacorrectwayitcanbringmanyconveniencestous.Suchas:curingseriousillnessesandbeingusedtoproducecommercialqualitiesofplants.Ontheotherhand,ifthecloningisusedinanevilwayitcancausemuchtroubles:suchasmoralquestions.S2:Myviewoncloningandnucleartransferisthatitisethical.SoactuallyIfindnoreasontoclonepresently.Ihavethisopinioncurrently,becausescientistsareunabletosuccessfullycloneusingnucleartransferasoftoday.S3:Ialsohaveaproblemwiththepossibleeffectsofusingnucleartransferonalargescale.ThisisbecauseIfearthatcloningcouldgreatlyreducegeneticdiversity.Ibelieveifweweretointerferewiththegeneticdiversityofanentirepopulationwewouldundoubtedlyfail.S4:AsyoucanseeIbelievecloningusingnucleartransfershouldnotbeusedonhumansforanyreason.Ithinkifweweretousecloningitshouldbecloselymonitoredastowhatdangersareinvolvedinhavingcopiesofpeople.Ialsothinkthistechnologyshouldnotbeuseduntilsuccess.S5:Iagreethatweshoulddevelopcloning.I’mnotafraidofcloningHitlersorexcitedtocloneEinsteins.IwouldsaythetimeandtheenvironmentproducedHitler, nothisDNA.SoyoudonotneedDNAfromHitlertoproduceaHitler.Infact,thereareNazisalreadypresent.Weshouldmakeuseofcloningtobenefitfuturegenerations.Youcanimaginethathowhappythepeopleareiftheycanrecoverfromtheseriousillnessorgetbackthesonwhohasjustlosthislifeinanaccidentbycloning.T:Goodjob!Yes,ifweourhumanbeingsusethescientifictechnologyproperlyitcanbringmanyadvantagestous!S:WhydidDolly’sappearanceraiseastormofobjectionsandhaveagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination?T:Becausenothingreallypreparedtheworldforthe1997announcementthatagroupofScottishscientistshadcreatedaclonedsheepnamedDolly.Manyfolksbelievethatwithinthenextdecade,wewillhearamoreshockingannouncementofthefirstclonedhuman.ScientistsinSouthKoreahavealreadycreatedhumanembryonicstemcellsthroughcloning.Untilnow,theideaofhumancloninghasonlybeenpossiblethroughmoviemagic,butthenaturalprogressionofscienceismakinghumancloningatruepossibility.We’veclonedsheep,miceandcows,sowhynothumans?Somecountrieshavesetuplawsbanningcloning,butitisstilllegalinmanycountries.Imagineusingapieceofyourgreat-grandmother.Thisopensthedoortomanyethicalproblems,butit’sadoorthatcouldsoonbeopened.S:Sowhathappensnext?T:Whateverthereasons,thenewcloningtechnologieshavesparkedmanyethicaldebatesamongscientists,politiciansandthegeneralpublic.Severalgovernmentshaveconsideredorenactedlegislationtoslowdown,limitorbancloningexperimentsoutright.Itisclearthatcloningwillbeapartofourlivesinthefuture,butthecourseofthistechnologyhasyettobedetermined.Cloningcouldcausebirthdefects,butit’snotgoingtochangesociety.Intheabsenceofanylegislationorregulation,cloningattemptswillquietlycontinue.Eventually,cloningwillsucceed(ifithasn’thappenedalready),andhumankindwillhavetakenanotherstepdowntheroadofbiologicalengineering.Youshouldstudyhardtoday,andyouwillbeabletofacethisdifficultproblemandknowhowtodealwithit. ExplanationT:Nowlet’sdealwithsomelanguagepoints.Turntopage11.Let’slookatthesentence:Itisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalandplant.全句汉语意思:它是一种精确复制另一个动物或植物的方式。Hereawayofmeansamannerof一种……的方式。T:Turntopage12.Lookatthe8thline.Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.Inthissentence,raisemeanslead.(引起/导致)。全句意思是：多利的出现引起一场反对风暴，并且对媒体和公众思想产生了很大的冲击。T:Turntopage12.Lookatthesentence:However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.“whethercloningwillhelporharmus”,“whereitisleadingus”istheobjectsoftheword“wonder”全句意思是：科学家一直致力于研究克隆到底会有助于我们还是会伤害我们，它们将我们引向何方。StepVHomeworkAskthestudentstodothefollowing.1.Completetheexercisesonpage13.2.Recitethekeysentencesinthetext.3.WhatisCloning?Youmightnotbelieveit,buttherearehumanclonesamongusrightnow.Haveyoueverwishedyoucouldhaveacloneofyourselftodohomeworkwhileyouhittheskateparkorwentoutwithyourfriends?Imagineifyoucouldreallydothat.Wherewouldyoustart?