中考英语语法专项复习：被动语态-中考指导-外研·八年级英语下册25页

中考英语语法专项复习：被动语态 英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,又叫施动者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，又叫受动者。区分主动语态和被动语态，主要看主语是执行者还是承受者。如： The flowers and grass should be watered .(____语态) We should water the flowers and grass .(____语态) ◆一 构成 1.被动语态是由“助动词be +过去分词”构成的，助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。Tom broke the cup .(主动语态) → The cup was broken by Tom .(被动语态) 2.被动语态有以下8种： 一般现在时：be(am / is are) +过去分词 Trees are planted in spring . 一般过去时：be(was / were) +过去分词 The house was built last year . 现在进行时：be(am / is are) + being +过去分词 The car is being repaired . 过去进行时：be(was / were) + being +过去分词 现在完成时：have / has + been +过去分词 The light has been turned off . 过去完成时：had + been +过去分词 一般将来时：will be +过去分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever . 含情态动词的：情态动词+ be +过去分词 My homework can be finished in two hours . 3.被动语态常用于以下场合： ①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如：My bike was stolen yesterday .我的自行车昨天被偷了。 ②强调动作的执行者时，使用“by +动作的执行者”。如：The pen was used by my father .这支钢笔是我父亲用过的。 ※ 只有及物动词才有被动形式，不及物动词如rise / come / go / take / place / happen等，没有被动形式。 ◆二 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 通常遵循以下三个步骤： 1． 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2． 把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。 3． 将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，置于句末。“by +宾语”在句中常省略。 主动语态：Many people speak English . 这里还需要连线！ 被动语态：English . is spoken by many people . 如：Lu Xun wrote this book .→ This book was written by Lu Xun .这本书是鲁迅写的。 People are cutting down many trees now .→ Many trees are being cut down now .现在许多树正被砍伐。 ◆三 主动语态和被动语态的转换 1.双宾语的被动形式 双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时，有两种变法： ① 如果把指人的间接宾语变为主语，那么指物的直接宾语保留不动。如：His teacher gave him a book .→He was given a book by his teacher . He has bought me a present .→I have been bought a present . ② 如果要将指物的直接宾语变为主语，那么动词后要用介词to / for，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。如：His teacher gave him a book .→A book was given to him by his teacher . He has bought me a present .→A present has been bought for me . ※ 常见的能接双宾语的动词有give / show / bring / lend / send等，这些词与介词to搭配；buy / make / draw等，这些词与介词for搭配。 2.动词短语的被动语态 许多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时不能把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。 如： ① We should speak to old men politely .→Old men should be spoken to politely . ② He always takes care of his sister .→His sister is always taken care of (by him). ③ She turned off the radio .→The radio was turned off (by her). 3. 省略的to动词不定式用于被动语态 在主动语态中，一些表示感官或使役的动词，如hear / watch / see / feel / notice / listen to / look at / let /make / have和help等后面的宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，但句子在变为被动语态后要加to。如： ① He made the girl stay at home .→The girl was made to stay at home . ② We often hear her sing in the room .→She is often heard to sing in the room . ③ The boss made them work for 16 hours a day .→They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss). 4. 主动形式表被动意义 ① 动词need，want以及短语be（well）worth等后面常接动名词，以主动形式表示被动意义。如： The room needs cleaning .这房子需要打扫。 The piece of music is worth listening to .这首曲子值得听。 ② 某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如write / wash / sell / clean / cook等，常和副词well或easily连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。如： The cloth washes easily .这种布容易洗。 The pen writes well .这支笔很好用。 练习 一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Many TV sets ________ (make) every year in this factory . 2. All the exercises must ________ (finish) before class is over . 3. The PRC ________ (found) on October 1, 1949. 二、单项选择 1. English _____ by many countries, but Chinese people _____ Chinese. A. is spoken; speak B. is spoken; are speak C. speaks; speak 2. They _____ a new school in the village now. It _____ before September this year . A. are building; will be built B. are building; will build C. are building; will built 3. If the small trees _____ , they will grow up quickly . A. are taken good care of B. are taken good care C. take good care of 4. –Where did you go last night ? –I _____ to Tom’s birthday party. A. am invited B .was invited C. invited 5. These shirts _____ well , because they _____ nice . A .are sold ; are looked B. sell ; look C. sell ; are looked 6. The flowers _____ every day , or they’ll die . A. should be water B. must be watered C. must water 7. Don’t worry , Your son _____ . A. must be find B. must be found C. must be found 8. –Your dress looks beautiful. –Thank you .It _____ by my mother last year. A. made B. is made C. was made 9. The window _____ last night, so it _____. A. isn’t closed; was broken B. didn’t close; was broken C. wasn’t closed; was broken 10. Most science books _____ in English. A. are written B. is written C .wrote 11. Bob _____ by his boss. A .was made to work B. was made work C. made to work 12. The little boy _____ Jack. A. is called B. called C. is calling 13. Water _____ into ice. A. can been changed B .can be changed C. can change 14. What _____ last night ? A. was happening B. happened C. was happened 15. The Party _____ in 1921 . A. is found B. was founded C .was found 答案：AAA BBB CCC AAA BBB 三、按要求改写句子，每空一词。 1. She made her son do his homework after supper. (改为被动语态) Her son _____ _____ _____ _____ his homework after supper . 2. Is this game often played by them in the afternoon?( 改为主动语态) _____ _____ often _____ this game in the afternoon ? 3. You can answer my question after you think it over.(改为同义句) My question _____ _____ _____ after it is thought over . 四、翻译句子，每空一词。 1. 我的汽车出毛病了，需要修理。 Something is wrong with my car and it _____ _____ . 2. 老年人应该受到很好的照顾。 Old people should _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ . 3. 这个故事很值得听。 This story is well worth _____ _____ . 4. 昨天有人给他买了一个MP4。 An MP4 _____ _____ _____ him yesterday .